Circumcision is a surgical procedure in which the foreskin covering the tip of the penis is removed. It is performed for medical, hygienic, cultural, or religious reasons. The procedure is done under local or general anesthesia. The surgeon gently retracts the foreskin, marks the removal area, and excises it using sterile surgical techniques. The remaining skin is stitched with dissolvable sutures. Recovery is usually quick, with mild swelling or discomfort for a few days. Benefits include improved hygiene, reduced risk of infections, decreased chances of phimosis, and lower risk of certain sexually transmitted infections. Risks include bleeding, infection, pain, swelling, and rarely excessive skin removal or scarring, which are generally manageable with proper care.