An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anus that causes sharp pain and sometimes bleeding during bowel movements. It is often associated with constipation, hard stools, or straining. When medicines and lifestyle changes do not provide relief, surgery called **lateral sphincterotomy** may be recommended. This procedure relaxes the anal muscle, allowing the tear to heal properly. The surgery is short and performed under anesthesia. Most patients are discharged the same day or after an overnight stay. Pain usually reduces significantly within 1 day with medicines. Warm sitz baths, a high-fiber diet, and stool softeners help in faster healing and prevent recurrence. Most patients recover completely within a week and return to normal activities.