An anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel between the anus and the surrounding skin, usually caused by a previous infection or abscess. It can lead to symptoms such as pus discharge, pain, swelling, and irritation around the anal area. If not treated, it may cause repeated infections and ongoing discomfort. Surgery is the most effective treatment for anal fistula as it removes or closes the infected tract completely. The procedure is performed under anesthesia to ensure comfort. Depending on the condition, treatment may be done using conventional surgery or advanced techniques such as laser, which can help in faster recovery. Patients usually require a short hospital stay of about 1–2 days. After surgery, mild pain or discomfort may occur, but it is generally manageable with medicines. Regular dressing and warm sitz baths help keep the area clean and support faster healing. Most patients can resume their routine activities within a few days. With proper care and follow-up, fistula surgery provides long-term relief from pain, pus discharge, and repeated infections, helping improve overall comfort and quality of life.