Glaucoma surgery

Treatment Overview Glaucoma surgery is performed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) when eye drops, tablets, or laser treatments can no longer control it. High IOP damages the optic nerve, leading to gradual, irreversible vision loss. The goal of surgery is not to restore lost vision but to preserve the remaining vision by improving the eye’s fluid drainage system. Procedure Description Glaucoma surgery aims to create a new pathway for aqueous fluid to drain or to enhance natural drainage. The type of surgery depends on the severity of glaucoma and patient factors. Trabeculectomy (Most common surgery) A small flap is created in the sclera (white part of the eye). A drainage channel is formed to allow fluid to escape into a small blister-like reservoir (called a bleb) under the eyelid. This helps reduce internal eye pressure. Benefits Significant reduction in eye pressure Slows or stops further optic nerve damage Helps preserve remaining vision Reduces long-term dependence on glaucoma eye drops MIGS offers quicker healing and lower risk compared to traditional surgeries Can prevent severe vision loss or blindness in progressive cases Risks All surgeries carry some risks, though complications are monitored closely: Infection or inflammation Bleeding inside the eye Scarring of the drainage site which may reduce effectiveness Temporary blurred or fluctuating vision Hypotony (eye pressure becoming too low) Cataract progression (more common after trabeculectomy) Need for additional surgeries if drainage weakens over time Post-Operative Care Use of prescribed eye drops (antibiotics, steroids) Frequent follow-up visits to check pressure Avoiding rubbing eyes, lifting heavy weights, or bending forward Monitoring the bleb or tube position Long-term pressure checks to ensure stability